Yıl: 2018 Cilt: 68 Sayı: 2 Sayfa Aralığı: 106 - 113 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.26650/forestist.2018.396995 İndeks Tarihi: 10-02-2020

Causes of land degradation and rehabilitation efforts of rangelands in Turkey

Öz:
Turkey, which is located in an ecological transition zone between subhumid Southern Europe and the aridMiddle East, has a long history of land use and civilization. Pressure from expanding human populations,intensified animal production, and transhumant movements in particular, are leading to the complete denudationof many areas of central Turkey (Central Anatolia), with soil erosion emerging as the primary concern.A mountainous topography and semiarid climatic conditions exacerbate the threat of soil erosion and havelimited the success of efforts to restore degraded lands. Although afforestation efforts have increased, rangelandareas dominated by shrub and grass species have decreased. Remnant rangeland areas continue toexperience overgrazing and severe losses in productivity. Forest remmants and archeological studies indicatethat, due to human use, Central Anatolia has lost its original native vegetation, including pine and oak species,and has assumed anthropogenic steppe characteristics. For this reason, the restoration emphasis has been ontree species, without any consideration for shrub or grass species that could help to stabilize soils in denudedand degraded landscapes. In this article, we discuss the socioeconomic and environmental limitations of thenatural revegetation of rangeland areas, and the need for restoration efforts with a focus on shrub and grassspecies in areas vulnerable to high rates of soil erosion.
Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Çevre Bilimleri

Türkiye’de arazi bozulmasının sebepleri ve mera ıslahı çalışmaları

Öz:
Çok uzun ve eski bir arazi kullanım tarihine ve uygarlaşmaya sahip Türkiye, yarı nemli güney Avrupa ile kurak Ortadoğu arasında geçiş zonunda yer almaktadır. İnsan nüfusu ve hayvansal üretim artışının yaratttığı baskı, özellikle yayla yaklaşımı, erozyona sebep olarak İç Anadolu’da vejetasyonun kaybına ve arazinin çıplak kalmasına yol açmaktadır. Dağlık topoğrafik yapı ve yarıkurak koşullar toprak erozyonu tehdidini hızlandırmakta ve bozuk alanların restorasyonunun başarılı olmasını kısıtlamaktadır. Ülkemizde ağaçlandırma faaliyetleri artarken, otsu ve çalı türlerinin baskın olduğu mera alanları azalmıştır. Mevcut mera alanları sürekli otlatılmaya maruz kalmakta ve verimlerinde kayıplar meydana gelmektedir. Orman kalıntıları ve arkeolojik çalışmalar, İç Anadolu’nun insan kullanımından dolayı içerisinde çam ve meşe türlerinin de yer aldığı doğal vejetasyon örtüsünü kaybettiğini ve antropojen step özelliği kazandığını göstermektedir. Restorasyon çalışmalarında ağırlık, bozuk ve çıplak alanlardaki toprakları stabil hale getirecek çalı ve otsu türler yerine ağaç türlerine verilmektedir. Bu makalede, mera alanlarının doğal çalı ve otsu türlerle bitkilendirilmesini kısıtlayan sosyo-ekonomik ve çevresel faktörler açıklanarak yüksek derecede erozyona uğrayabilecek alanlardaki otsu ve çalı bitki türlerine restorasyon faaliyetlerinde duyulan ihtiyaç konusu tartışılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Çevre Bilimleri
Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Derleme Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
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APA GÖKBULAK F, UYGUR ERDOĞAN B, YILDIRIM H, ÖZÇELİK M (2018). Causes of land degradation and rehabilitation efforts of rangelands in Turkey. , 106 - 113. 10.26650/forestist.2018.396995
Chicago GÖKBULAK Ferhat,UYGUR ERDOĞAN Betül,YILDIRIM Hasan Tezcan,ÖZÇELİK Mehmet S. Causes of land degradation and rehabilitation efforts of rangelands in Turkey. (2018): 106 - 113. 10.26650/forestist.2018.396995
MLA GÖKBULAK Ferhat,UYGUR ERDOĞAN Betül,YILDIRIM Hasan Tezcan,ÖZÇELİK Mehmet S. Causes of land degradation and rehabilitation efforts of rangelands in Turkey. , 2018, ss.106 - 113. 10.26650/forestist.2018.396995
AMA GÖKBULAK F,UYGUR ERDOĞAN B,YILDIRIM H,ÖZÇELİK M Causes of land degradation and rehabilitation efforts of rangelands in Turkey. . 2018; 106 - 113. 10.26650/forestist.2018.396995
Vancouver GÖKBULAK F,UYGUR ERDOĞAN B,YILDIRIM H,ÖZÇELİK M Causes of land degradation and rehabilitation efforts of rangelands in Turkey. . 2018; 106 - 113. 10.26650/forestist.2018.396995
IEEE GÖKBULAK F,UYGUR ERDOĞAN B,YILDIRIM H,ÖZÇELİK M "Causes of land degradation and rehabilitation efforts of rangelands in Turkey." , ss.106 - 113, 2018. 10.26650/forestist.2018.396995
ISNAD GÖKBULAK, Ferhat vd. "Causes of land degradation and rehabilitation efforts of rangelands in Turkey". (2018), 106-113. https://doi.org/10.26650/forestist.2018.396995
APA GÖKBULAK F, UYGUR ERDOĞAN B, YILDIRIM H, ÖZÇELİK M (2018). Causes of land degradation and rehabilitation efforts of rangelands in Turkey. FORESTIST, 68(2), 106 - 113. 10.26650/forestist.2018.396995
Chicago GÖKBULAK Ferhat,UYGUR ERDOĞAN Betül,YILDIRIM Hasan Tezcan,ÖZÇELİK Mehmet S. Causes of land degradation and rehabilitation efforts of rangelands in Turkey. FORESTIST 68, no.2 (2018): 106 - 113. 10.26650/forestist.2018.396995
MLA GÖKBULAK Ferhat,UYGUR ERDOĞAN Betül,YILDIRIM Hasan Tezcan,ÖZÇELİK Mehmet S. Causes of land degradation and rehabilitation efforts of rangelands in Turkey. FORESTIST, vol.68, no.2, 2018, ss.106 - 113. 10.26650/forestist.2018.396995
AMA GÖKBULAK F,UYGUR ERDOĞAN B,YILDIRIM H,ÖZÇELİK M Causes of land degradation and rehabilitation efforts of rangelands in Turkey. FORESTIST. 2018; 68(2): 106 - 113. 10.26650/forestist.2018.396995
Vancouver GÖKBULAK F,UYGUR ERDOĞAN B,YILDIRIM H,ÖZÇELİK M Causes of land degradation and rehabilitation efforts of rangelands in Turkey. FORESTIST. 2018; 68(2): 106 - 113. 10.26650/forestist.2018.396995
IEEE GÖKBULAK F,UYGUR ERDOĞAN B,YILDIRIM H,ÖZÇELİK M "Causes of land degradation and rehabilitation efforts of rangelands in Turkey." FORESTIST, 68, ss.106 - 113, 2018. 10.26650/forestist.2018.396995
ISNAD GÖKBULAK, Ferhat vd. "Causes of land degradation and rehabilitation efforts of rangelands in Turkey". FORESTIST 68/2 (2018), 106-113. https://doi.org/10.26650/forestist.2018.396995