The primary target of education in Turkey since the establishment of the Republic has been to enable the development of the country in the area of education and training. The Law on Unity of Education (Tevhid’i Tedrisat Kanunu) was adopted on March 3, 1924 to achieve this objective. Within this context, the purpose of the study in the early days of the Republic, named Education in Ağrı, was to reveal the changes and progress in the education and training across the province. As seen in the rest of the country, the number of schools and the schooling rate among both women and men continuously increased throughout the Ağrı Province as well. As the number of students increased in parallel to the increase in the number of schools from 1923 to 1945, the province of Ağrı was among the progressing provinces in terms of education and training. The progress in educational institutions and specifically primary schools in Ağrı were examined thoroughly within this context. This study was conducted by reference to research and analysis literature, particularly to the Turkish Statistical Institute data.