Coronaviruses and SARS-COV-2

HASOKSÜZ, MUSTAFA; KILIÇ, Selçuk; SARAC, Fahriye

doi:10.3906/sag-2004-127

Coronaviruses and SARS-COV-2

Mustafa HASÖKSÜZ, (İstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa)

Selçuk KILIÇ, (Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü)

Fahriye SARAC (Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı)

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

14 1

Yıl: 2020 Cilt: 50 Sayı: 3 Sayfa Aralığı: 549 - 556 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.3906/sag-2004-127 İndeks Tarihi: 24-04-2020

Coronaviruses and SARS-COV-2

Öz:

Coronaviruses (CoVs) cause a broad spectrum of diseases in domestic and wild animals, poultry, and rodents, ranging frommild to severe enteric, respiratory, and systemic disease, and also cause the common cold or pneumonia in humans. Seven coronavirusspecies are known to cause human infection, 4 of which, HCoV 229E, HCoV NL63, HCoV HKU1 and HCoV OC43, typically causecold symptoms in immunocompetent individuals. The others namely SARS-CoV (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus),MERS-CoV (Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus) were zoonotic in origin and cause severe respiratory illness and fatalities.On 31 December 2019, the existence of patients with pneumonia of an unknown aetiology was reported to WHO by the nationalauthorities in China. This virus was officially identified by the coronavirus study group as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the present outbreak of a coronavirus-associated acute respiratory disease was labelled coronavirus disease 19(COVID-19). COVID-19’s first cases were seen in Turkey on March 10, 2020 and was number 47,029 cases and 1006 deaths after 1month. Infections with SARS-CoV-2 are now widespread, and as of 10 April 2020, 1,727,602 cases have been confirmed in more than210 countries, with 105,728 deaths.

Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Cerrahi

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Derleme Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık

1. McIntosh K, Peiris J. Coronaviruses. In: Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (editos). Clinical Virology, 3rd Edition. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press; 2009. Pp. 1155-1171.
2. Fehr AR, Perlman S. Coronaviruses: an overview of their replication and pathogenesis. Methods in Molecular Biology 2015; 1282: 1‐23. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2438-7_1
3. Hasoksuz M, Alekseev K, Vlasova A, Zhang X, Spiro D et al. Biologic, antigenic, and full-length genomic characterization of a bovine-like coronavirus isolated from a giraffe. Journal of Virology 2007; 81 (10): 4981-4990. doi: 10.1128/JVI.02361-06
4. Chan JF, To KK, Tse H, Jin DY, Yuen KY. Interspecies transmission and emergence of novel viruses: lessons from bats and birds. Trends Microbiology 2013; 21 (10): 544-555. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2013.05.005
5. Cui J, Li F, Shi ZL. Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses. Nature Reviews Microbiology 2019; 17:181- 192. doi:10.1038/s41579-018-0118-9
6. Zhang X, Hasoksuz M, Spiro D, Halpin R, Wang S et al. Quasipecies of bovine enteric and respiratory coronaviruses based on complete genome sequences and genetic changes after tissue culture adaptation. Virology 2007; 363 (1): 1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2007. 03.018
7. Zhou P, Fan H, Lan T, Yang XL, Shi WF et al. Fatal swine acute diarrhea syndrome caused by an HKU2‐related coronavirus of bat origin. Nature 2018; 556: 255-258. doi: 10.1038/s41586- 018-0010-9
8. Simas PVM, Barnabé ACS, Durães‐Carvalho R. Bat coronavirus in Brazil related to appalachian ridge and porcine epidemic diarrhea viruses. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2015; 21(4): 729‐731. doi:10.3201/eid2104.141783
9. National Center for Biotechnology Information. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 reference genome; 2020.
10. Perlman S, Netland J. Coronaviruses post-SARS: update on replication and pathogenesis. Nature Reviews Microbiology 2009; 7 (6): 439-450. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro2147
11. Schoeman D, Fielding BC. Coronavirus envelope protein: Current knowledge. Virology Journal 2019; 16 (69): 2-22. doi:10.1186/s12985-019-1182-0
12. Vlasova AN, Zhang X, Hasoksuz M, Nagesha HS, Haynes LM et al. Two-way antigenic cross-reactivity between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and group 1 animal CoVs is mediated through an antigenic site in the N-terminal region of the SARS-CoV nucleoprotein. Journal of Virology 2007; 81 (24): 13365-13377. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01169- 07
13. Chen Y, Liu Q, Guo D. Emerging coronaviruses: Genome structure, replication, and pathogenesis. Journal of Medical Virology 2020; 92 (4): 418-423. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25681
14. Hasoksuz M, Sreevatson S, Cho KO, Hoet AE, Saif LJ. Molecular analysis of the S1 subunit of the spike glycoprotein of respiratory and enteric bovine coronavirus isolates. Virus Research 2002; 84 (1-2): 101-109. doi: 10.1016/S0168- 1702(02)00004-7
15. Hasoksuz M, Lathrop S, Al-dubaib MA, Lewis P, Saif LJ. Antigenic variation among bovine enteric coronaviruses (BECV) and bovine respiratory coronaviruses (BRCV) detected using monoclonal antibodies. Archives of Virology 1999; 144 (12): 2441-2447.
16. Bosch BJ, Van Der Zee R, De Haan CAM, Rottier PJM. The Coronavirus Spike Protein Is a Class I Virus Fusion Protein: Structural and Functional Characterization of the Fusion Core Complex. Journal of Virology 2003; 77 (16): 8801-8811. doi: 10.1128/JVI.77.16.8801-8811.2003
17. Neuman BW, Kiss G, Kunding AH, Bhella D, Baksh FM et al. A structural analysis of M protein in coronavirus assembly and morphology. Journal of Structural Biology 2011; 174 (1): 11- 22. doi:10.1016/j.jsb.2010.11.021
18. Satija N, Lal SK.The molecular biology of SARS coronavirus. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2007; 1102: 26- 38. doi: 10.1196/annals.1408.002
19. Hasoksuz M, Vlasova A, Saif LJ. Detection of Group 2a Coronaviruses with Emphasis on Bovine and Wild Ruminant Strains. In: Cavanag D (editor). SARS and Other Coronaviruses. Totowa, NJ, USA: Humana Press; 2008. pp. 43-60.
20. Fabricant J. The Early History of Infectious Bronchitis. Avian Diseases 1998; 42 (4): 648-650. doi: 10.2307/1592697
21. Ismail MM, Cho KO, Hasoksuz M, Saif LJ, Saif YM. Antigenic and genomic relatedness of turkey-origin coronaviruses, bovine coronaviruses, and infectious bronchitis virus of chickens. Avian Diseases 2001; 45 (4): 978-984.
22. Saif LJ. Animal Coronaviruses: In: Knobler S, Mahmoud A, Lemon S, Mack A, Sivitz L, et al. (editors). Learning from SARS. Washington, DC, USA: The National Academies Press; 2004. pp. 138-148.
23. Tekes G, Thiel HJ. Feline Coronaviruses: Pathogenesis of Feline Infectious Peritonitis. Advances in Virus Research 2016; 96: 193-218. doi: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2016.08.002
24. Alekseev KP, Vlasova AN, Jung K, Hasoksuz M, Zhang X et al. Bovine-like coronaviruses isolated from four species of captive wild ruminants are homologous to bovine coronaviruses, based on complete genomic sequences. Journal of Virology. 2008; 82 (24): 12422-12431. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01586-08
25. Tyrrell DAJ, Bynoe ML. Cultivation of a novel type of common cold virus in organ culture. British Medical Journal. 1965; 1:1467-1470. doi: 10.1136/bmj.1.5448.1467
26. Hamre D. Procknow JJ. A new virus isolated from the human respiratory tract. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 1966; 121 (1):190-193. doi: 10.3181/00379727-121-30734
27. Almeida JD, Tyrrell DAJ. The morphology of three previously uncharacterized human respiratory viruses that grow in organ culture. The Journal of General Virology 1967; 1 (2): 175-178. doi:0.1099/0022-1317-1-2-175
28. Park, Thwaites RS, Openshaw PJM. COVID-19: Lessons from SARS and MERS. European Journal of Immunology 2020; 50: 308–316. doi: 10.1002/eji.202070035
29. Menachery VD, Yount Jr BL, Debbink K, Agnihothram S, Gralinski LE, Plante JA, et al. A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence. Nature medicine. 2015;21(12):1508. doi:10.1038/nm.3985.
30. Song H-D, Tu C-C, Zhang G-W, Wang S-Y, Zheng K et al. Cross-host evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in palm civet and human. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2005; 102 (7): 2430-2435. doi:10.1073/pnas.0409608102
31. Wu F, Zhao S, Yu B, Chen YM, Wang W et al. A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China. Nature 2020; 579, 265-269. doi:10.1038/s41586-020- 2008-3
32. Wuhan Municipal Health Commission. Wuhan Municipal Health Commission on the current situation of pneumonia in our city Release organization; 2020.
33. World Health Organization. Pneumonia of unknown cause – China; 2020.
34. Lu R, Zhao X, Li J, Niu P, Yang B et al. Genomic characterization and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. The Lancet 2020; 395 (10224): 565-574. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30251-8
35. World Health Organization. Novel Coronavirus – Japan (ex- China); 2020.
36. Park WB, Kwon NJ, Choi SJ, Kang CK, Choe PG et. al. Virus isolation from the first patient with SARS-CoV-2 in Korea. Journal of Korean Medical Science 2020; 35(7): e84. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e84
37. Worldometer. Coronavirus Cases; 2020.
38. Benvenuto D, Giovanetti M, Ciccozzi A, Spoto S, Angeletti S et al. The 2019‐new coronavirus epidemic: evidence for virus evolution. Journal of Medical Virology 2020; 92: 455–459. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25688
39. Gorbalenya AE. The species severe acute eespiratory syndrome related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2. Nature Microbiology 2020; 5: 536–544. doi: 10.1038/s41564-020-0695-zorg/10.1038/s41564-020-0695-z
40. Letko M, Marzi A, Munster V. Functional assessment of cell entry and receptor usage for SARS-CoV-2 and other lineage B betacoronaviruses. Nature Microbiology 2020; 5 (4): 562-569. doi: 10.1038/s41564-020-0688-y
41. Song Z, Xu Y, Bao L, Zhang L, Yu P et al. From SARS to MERS, thrusting coronaviruses into the spotlight. Viruses 2019; 11 (1): 59. doi: 10.3390/v11010059
42. Rabenau HF, Kampf G, Cinatl J, Doerr HW. Efficacy of various disinfectants against SARS coronavirus. Journal of Hospital Infection 2005; 61: 107-111. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2004.12.023
43. Van Doremalen N, Bushmaker T, Morris DH, Holbrook MG, Gamble A et al. Aerosol and surface stability of SARS-CoV-2 as compared with SARS-CoV-1. The New England Journal of Medicine 2020: 1-3. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2004973
44. Ong SWX, Tan YK, Chia PY, Lee TH, Ng OT et al. Air, surface environmental, and personal protective equipment contamination by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from a symptomatic patient. Jama 2020: E1-E3. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.3227
45. Chan JF, Kok KH, Zhu Z, Chu H, To KK et al. Genomic characterization of the 2019 novel human-pathogenic coronavirus isolated from a patient with atypical pneumonia after visiting Wuhan. Emerging Microbes and Infections 2020; 9 (1): 221-236. doi: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1719902
46. Wan Y, Shang J, Graham R, Baric RS, Li F. Receptor recognition by the novel coronavirus from Wuhan: an analysis based on decade-long structural studies of SARS coronavirus. Journal of Virology 2020; 94 (7): 1-9. doi:10.1128/JVI.00127-20
47. Cascella M, Rajnik M, Cuomo A, Dulebohn SC, Di Napoli R. Features, Evaluation and Treatment Coronavirus (COVID-19) 2020. Treasure Island, FL, USA: StatPearls Publishing.
48. Zi-Wei Y, Shuofeng Y, Kit-San Y, Sin-Yee F, Chi-Ping C et al. Zoonotic origins of human coronaviruses. International Journal of Biological Sciences 2020; 16 (10): 1686-1697. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.45472
49. Lic C, Yangb Y, Rena L. Genetic evolution analysis of 2019 novel coronavirus and coronavirus from other species. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 2020; 82: 1-3. doi: 10.1016/j. meegid.2020.104285
50. Li X, Zai J, Zhao Q, Nie Q, Li Y et al. Evolutionary history, potential intermediate animal host, and cross-species analyses of SARS-CoV-2. Journal of Medical Virology 2020: 1-10. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25731
51. Yesilbag Y, Aytogu G. Coronavirus host divergence and novel coronavirus (Sars-CoV-2) outbreak. Clinical and Experimental Ocular Trauma and Infection 2020; 2 (1): 1-7.
52. Ji W, Wang W, Zhao X, Zai J, Li X. Cross‐species transmission of the newly identified coronavirus 2019‐nCoV. Journal of Medical Virology 2020; 92 (4): 433-440. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25682
53. Racaniello V, Tuller D, Rey GU. Furin cleavage site in the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus glycoprotein. Virology Blog; 2020.
54. Song W, Gui M, Wang X, Xiang Y. Cryo-EM structure of the SARS coronavirus spike glycoprotein in complex with its host cell receptor ACE2. PLoS Pathogens 2018; 14 (8): 1-19. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007236
55. Xu X, Chen P, Wang J, Feng J, Zhou H et al. Evolution of the novel coronavirus from the ongoing Wuhan outbreak and modeling of its spike protein for risk of human transmission. Science China Life Sciences 2020; 63: 1-4. doi: 10.1007/s11427- 020-1637-5
56. Lei J, Kusov Y, Hilgenfeld R. Nsp3 of coronaviruses: Structures and functions of a large multi-domain protein. Antiviral Research 2018; 149: 58-74. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017. 11.001
57. Shi J, Wen Z, Zhong G, Yang H, Wang C. Susceptibility of ferrets, cats, dogs, and different domestic animals to SARScoronavirus- 2. Science 2020: 1-10, doi: 10.1126/science. abb7015

APA	HASOKSÜZ M, KILIÇ S, SARAC F (2020). Coronaviruses and SARS-COV-2. , 549 - 556. 10.3906/sag-2004-127
Chicago	HASOKSÜZ MUSTAFA,KILIÇ Selçuk,SARAC Fahriye Coronaviruses and SARS-COV-2. (2020): 549 - 556. 10.3906/sag-2004-127
MLA	HASOKSÜZ MUSTAFA,KILIÇ Selçuk,SARAC Fahriye Coronaviruses and SARS-COV-2. , 2020, ss.549 - 556. 10.3906/sag-2004-127
AMA	HASOKSÜZ M,KILIÇ S,SARAC F Coronaviruses and SARS-COV-2. . 2020; 549 - 556. 10.3906/sag-2004-127
Vancouver	HASOKSÜZ M,KILIÇ S,SARAC F Coronaviruses and SARS-COV-2. . 2020; 549 - 556. 10.3906/sag-2004-127
IEEE	HASOKSÜZ M,KILIÇ S,SARAC F "Coronaviruses and SARS-COV-2." , ss.549 - 556, 2020. 10.3906/sag-2004-127
ISNAD	HASOKSÜZ, MUSTAFA vd. "Coronaviruses and SARS-COV-2". (2020), 549-556. https://doi.org/10.3906/sag-2004-127

APA	HASOKSÜZ M, KILIÇ S, SARAC F (2020). Coronaviruses and SARS-COV-2. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 50(3), 549 - 556. 10.3906/sag-2004-127
Chicago	HASOKSÜZ MUSTAFA,KILIÇ Selçuk,SARAC Fahriye Coronaviruses and SARS-COV-2. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 50, no.3 (2020): 549 - 556. 10.3906/sag-2004-127
MLA	HASOKSÜZ MUSTAFA,KILIÇ Selçuk,SARAC Fahriye Coronaviruses and SARS-COV-2. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, vol.50, no.3, 2020, ss.549 - 556. 10.3906/sag-2004-127
AMA	HASOKSÜZ M,KILIÇ S,SARAC F Coronaviruses and SARS-COV-2. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences. 2020; 50(3): 549 - 556. 10.3906/sag-2004-127
Vancouver	HASOKSÜZ M,KILIÇ S,SARAC F Coronaviruses and SARS-COV-2. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences. 2020; 50(3): 549 - 556. 10.3906/sag-2004-127
IEEE	HASOKSÜZ M,KILIÇ S,SARAC F "Coronaviruses and SARS-COV-2." Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 50, ss.549 - 556, 2020. 10.3906/sag-2004-127
ISNAD	HASOKSÜZ, MUSTAFA vd. "Coronaviruses and SARS-COV-2". Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 50/3 (2020), 549-556. https://doi.org/10.3906/sag-2004-127