İzmir'de travma sonrası stres bozukluğu, travma sonrası gelişim, yaygınlığı ve yordayıcılarının model çerçevesinde test edilmesi

29 16

Proje Grubu: SOBAG Sayfa Sayısı: 119 Proje No: 112K617 Proje Bitiş Tarihi: 01.02.2014 Metin Dili: Türkçe İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022

İzmir'de travma sonrası stres bozukluğu, travma sonrası gelişim, yaygınlığı ve yordayıcılarının model çerçevesinde test edilmesi

Öz:
-
Anahtar Kelime:

Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • Affleck, G., & Tennen, H. 1996. “Construing benefits from adversity: Adaptational significance and dispositional Underpinnings”, Journal of Personality, 64, 900–922.
  • Ai, A. L. & Park, C. L. 2005. Possibilities of the positive following violence and trauma.Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 20, 242–250.Aldwin, C.M. & Levenson, M.R. 2004.“Posttraumatic Growth: A Developmental Perspective”, Psychological Inquiry, 15(1), 19-22.
  • Aker, A., Önen, P., & Karakılıç, H. 2007. Psychological trauma: Research and practice in Turkey. International Journal of Mental Health, 36(3), 38-57.
  • Aker, A. T., Sorgun, E., Aksoy, A., & Bay, A. 2004. Türkiye’de ruhsal travmanın 30 yılı. Yeniden Sağlık ve Eğitim Derneği Yayınları.
  • Aldwin, C. M., Sutton, K. & Lachman, M. 1996. “The development of coping resources in adulthood”, Journal of Personality, 64, 91−113.
  • Aldwin, C.M. & Levenson, M.R. 2004. Posttraumatic Growth: A Developmental Perspective. Psychological Inquiry, 15(1), 19-22.
  • Amir, M., Sol, O. 1999. “Psychological impact and prevalence of traumatic events in a student sample in Israel: the effect of multiple traumatic events and physical injury”, Journal of Traumatic Stress, 12, 139-154.
  • Andrews, B., Brewin, C. R., & Rose, S. 2003. “Gender, social support, and PTSD in victims of violent crime”, Journal of Traumatic Stress, 16, 421-427.
  • Armeli, S., Gunthert, K.C., Cohen, L.H. 2001. “Stressor appraisals, coping, and post-event outcomes: The dimensionality and antecedents of stress-related growth”, Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 20, 366–395.
  • Beike, D., & Wirth-Beaumont, E. 2005. Psychological closure as a memory phenomenon. Memory, 13, 574–593.
  • Bellizzi, K.M. 2004. “Expressions of generativity and posttraumatic growth in adult cancer survivors”, International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 58, 267–287.
  • Bellizzi, K.M., & Blank, T.O. 2006. “Predicting posttraumatic growth in breast cancer survivors”, Health Psychology,25, 47–56.
  • Bernat, J.A., Ronfeldt, H.M., Calhoun, K.S., Arias, I. 1998. “Prevalence of traumatic events and peritraumatic predictors of post-traumatic stress symptoms in a nonclinical sample of college students”, Journal of Traumatic Stress, 11, 645-664.
  • Billings, A.G., & Moos, R.H. 1981. The role of coping responses and social resources in attenuating the stress of life events. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 4, 139-157
  • Bonanno, G.A., Galea, S., Bucciarelli, A., & Vlahov, D. 2007. “What predicts psychological resilience after disaster? The role of demographics, resources, and life stress”, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 75, 671-682.
  • Bonanno, G. A., & Kaltman, S. 1999. “Toward an integrative perspective on bereavement”, Psychological Bulletin,125, 760–786.
  • Bosson, J.V., Kelley, M.L., Jones, G. 2012. “Deliberate Cognitive Processing Mediates the Relationship between Religious Coping and Posttraumatic Growth”, Journal of Loss and Trauma, 17 (5), 439-451.
  • Bowling, N.A., Beehr, T.A., & Swader, W.M. 2005. “Giving and receiving social support: The roles of personality and reciprocity”, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 67, 476-489.
  • Brantley, P.J., O'Hea, E.L., Jones, G.N., & Mehan, D. 2002. The influence of income level and ethnicity on coping strategies. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 24, 39-45.
  • Breslau, N., Davis G.C., Andreski P. ve Peterson, E. 1991. “Traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder in an urban population of young adults”, Archives of Geneneral Psychiatry, 48, 216-222.
  • Breslau, N., Davis, G.C., Andrski, P., Peterson, E.L., & Schultz, L.R. 1997. Sex differences in post-traumatic stress disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 54, 1044-1048.
  • Breslau, N., Kessler, R. C., Chilcoat, H. D., Schultz, L. R., Davis, G. C., Andreski, P. 1998. “Trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder in the community: The 1996 Detroit area survey of Trauma”, Archives of General Psychiatry, 55, 626-632.
  • Cadell, S., Regehr, C., & Hemsworth, D. 2003. “Factors contributing to posttraumatic growth: A proposed structural equation model”, American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 73(3), 279-287.
  • Calhoun, L. G., Cann, A., Tedeschi, R. G., & McMillan, J. 1998. Traumatic events and generational differences in assumptions about a just world. Journal of Social Psychology, 138, 789–791.
  • Calhoun, L. G., & Tedeschi, R. G. 1998. “Beyond recovery from trauma: Implications for clinical practice and research”, Journal of Social Issues, 54 (2), 357-371.
  • Calhoun, H. E.,Tedeschi, R. G. 1999. “Faciliating post-traumatic growth: A clinical guide”,Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Calhoun, L. G., & Tedeschi, R. G. 2006. The foundations of posttraumatic growth: An expanded framework. In L. G. Calhoun & R. G. Tedeschi (Eds.), Handbook of posttraumatic growth (pp. 3–23). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Calisir, M., Tuzun, Z., Piri, S., Cann, A., Tedeschi, R., Calhoun, L. (yapım aşamasında). “Event-Related Rumination Inventory Türkçe çevirisi, geçerlilik ve güvenirlik çalışması”.
  • Cann, A., Calhoun, L. G., Tedeschi, R. G., Triplett, K. N., Vishnevsky, T., & Lindstrom, C. M. 2011. “Assessing posttraumatic cognitive processes: The Event Related Rumination Inventory”, Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 24, 137–156.
  • Carver, C.S., Scheier, M.F., & Weintraub, J.K. 1989. Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56(2), 267-283.
  • Cieslak, R., Benight, B., Schmidt, N., Luszcynska, A., Curtin, E., Clark, A. R., & Kissinger, P. 2009. “Predicting posttraumatic growth among Hurricane Katrina survivors living with HIV: the role of self- efficacy, social support, and PTSD symptoms”, Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 22(4), 449-463.
  • Chan M.W.C., Ho, S.M.Y., Tedeschi, R.G, & Leung, C.W.L. 2010. Positive Psychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China, DOI: 10.1002/pon.1761
  • Charlton, P.F., & Thompson, J.A. 1996. Ways of coping with psychological distress after trauma. The British journal of clinical psychology/the British Psychological Society. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23529889.
  • Clapp, J.D., & Beck, J.G. 2009. “Understanding the relationship between PTSD and social support: The role of negative network orientation”, Behavior Research and Therapy, 47(3), 237-244.
  • Cohen, L.H., Cimbolic, K., Armeli, S.R., Hettler, T.R. 1998. “Quantitative assessment of thriving”, Journal of Social Issues, 54, 323-335.
  • Conor-Smith, J.K., & Flachsbart, C. 2007. “Relations between personality and coping: A meta-analysis”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93, 1080-1107.
  • Cordova, M.J. 1999. “Cognitive processing and the positive and negative psychosocial sequelae of breast cancer”. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of Kentucky. Lexington. Cited in Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. (2004). Posttraumatic growth: Conceptual foundations and empirical evidence. Psychological Inquiry, 15, 1-18.
  • Cordova, M.J., Cunningham, L.L.C., Carlson, C.R., & Andrykowski, M.A. 2001.“Posttraumatic growth following breast cancer: A controlled comparison study”, Health Psychology, 20, 176-185.
  • Costa, P.T., & McCrae, R.R. 1992. Normal personality assessment in clinical practice: The NEO personality inventory. Psychological Assessment, 4, 5–13.
  • Cox, B.J., MacPherson, P.S.R., Enns, M.W., & McWilliams, L.A. 2004. “Neuroticism and self-criticism associated with posttraumatic stress disorder in a nationally representative sample”, Behavior Research and Therapy, 42, 105-114.
  • Cryder, C.H., Kilmer, R.P., Tedeschi, R.G., & Calhoun, L.G. 2006. “An exploratory study of posttraumatic growth in children following a natural disaster”, American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 76(1), 65-69.
  • Curbow, B., Legro, M.W., Baker, F., Wingard, J. R., & Somerfield, M.R. 1993. “Loss and recovery themes of long-term survivors of bone marrow transplants”. Journal of Psychosocial Oncology, 10, 1−20.
  • Davis, C.G. W., Michael, J.A., & Vernberg, N. 2007. “Profiles of posttraumatic growth following an unjust loss”, Death Studies, 31, 693-712.
  • Davis, C.G., Wortman, C.B., Lehman, D.R., & Silver, R.C. 2000. “Searching for meaning in loss: Are clinical assumptions correct?”, Death Studies, 24, 497-540.
  • Denson, T.F., Marshall, G.N., Schell, T.L., Jaycox, L.H. 2007. “Predictors of posttraumatic distress 1 year after exposure to community violence: the importance of acute symptom severity”, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, Vol 75(5), 683-692.
  • Dirik, G. 2006. “Post-traumatic growth and psychological distress among rheumatoid arthritis patients: an evaluation within the conservation of resources theory”, (Doctorial Dissertation), Middle East Technical University.
  • DSM-IV-TR, Psikiyatride Hastalıkların Tanımlanması ve Sınıflandırılması Elkitabı. 2001. Yeniden Gözden Geçirilmiş Dördüncü Baskı. Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliği, Washington DC, 2000‟den çeviren Köroğlu E., Hekimler Yayın Birliği, Ankara , Pp: 288.
  • Ehlers, A., & Clark, D. M. 2000. “A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder”. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38, 319–345.
  • Ehring,T., Frank, S., & Ehlers, A. 2008. “The Role of Rumination and Reduced Concreteness in the Maintenance of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Depression Following Trauma”, Cognitive Thereapy Research, 32, 488-506.
  • Eker, D., & Arkar, H. 1995. “Çok boyutlu algılanan sosyal destek ölçeğinin faktör yapısı, geçerlik ve güvenirliği”, Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 34, 45−55.
  • Eker, D., Arkar, H., & Yaldız, H. 2000. “Generality of support sources and psychometric properties of a scale of perceived social support in Turkey”, Social Psychology and Psychiatry Epidemiology, 35(5), 228-233.
  • Emmelkamp, P.M.G. 2006. “Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Assessment and Follow-up”, Novel Approaches to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, 309-319.
  • Emmelkamp, J., Komproe, I. H., Van Ommeren, M., & Schagen, S. 2002. The relation between coping, social support and psychological and somatic symptoms among torture
  • survivors in Nepal. Psychological Medicine, 32, 1465–1470. doi:10.1017/S0033291702006499.
  • Evers, A.W.M., Kraaimaat, F.W., Van Lankveld, W., Jongen, P.J.H., Jacobs, J.W.G., & Bijlsma, J.W.J. 2001. “Beyond unfavourable thinking: The illness cognition questionnaire for chronic diseases”, Journal of Consultation and Clinical Psychology, 69, 1026–1036.
  • Feder, A., Southwick, S. M., Goetz, R. R., Wang, Y., Alonso, A., Smith, B. W., et al. 2008. Posttraumatic growth in former Vietnam prisoners of war. Psychiatry, 71, 359-370.
  • Flannery, R. B. 1990. Social support and psychological trauma: A methodological review. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 3, 593–611
  • Flett, R. A., Kazantzis, N., Long, N. R., MacDonald, C., Millar, M. 2004. “Gender and ethnicity differences in the prevalence of traumatic events: evidence from a New Zealand community sample”, Stress and Health: Journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress, 20(3), 149-157.
  • Foa, E.B., Cashman,L., Jaycox, L. & Perry, K. 1997. “The validation of a self- report measure of posttraumatic stress disorder: The Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale”, Psychological Assessment, 9, 445-451.
  • Foa E.B., & Kozak, M.J. 1986. Emotional processing of fear: Exposure to corrective information. Psychological Bulletin, 99, 20-35.
  • Foa E.B., & Rothbaum, B.O. 1989. Behavioral psychotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder. International Review of Psychiatry, 1, 219-226.
  • Foa, E.B., Steketee, G., & Rothbaum, B.O., 1989. Behavioral / cognitive conceptualizations of post-traumatic stress disorder. Behavior Therapy, 20, 155-176.
  • Folkman, S. & Lazarus, R.S. 1985. “If it changes it must be a process: Study of emotion and coping during three stages of a college examination”, Journal of Personal and Social Psychology, 48, 150–170.
  • Folkman,S. &Lazarus, R. S.1990. Coping and emotion. InN.L. Stein, B. Leventhal, & T. Trabasso (Eds.), Psychological and biological approaches to emotion (pp. 313–332). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Frans, Ö., Rimmö, P.A., Aberg, P., & Fredrikson, M. 2005. Trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder in the general population. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 111, 291-299.
  • Freedy, J.R., Resnick, H.S., Kilpatrick, D.G., Dansky, B.S. & Tidwell, R.P. 1994. The psychological adjustment of recent crime victims in the criminal justice system. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 9, 450–468.
  • Gençöz, T. & Öncül, Ö. 2012. “Examination of Personality Characteristics in a Turkish Sample: Development of Basic Personality Traits Inventory”, The Journal of General Psychology, 139 (3), 194-216.
  • Gold, D.B., Wegner, D.M. 1995. Origins of ruminative thought: trauma, incompleteness, nondisclosure, and suppression. J. Appl. Soc. Psychol. 25,1245–61.
  • Haden, S. C., Scarpa, A., Jones, R. T., & Ollendick, T. H. 2007. “Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and injury: The moderating role of perceived social support and coping for young adults”, Personality and Individual Differences, 42(7), 1187-1198.
  • Heindrich, S. M., & Ryff, C. D. 1993. “Physical and mental heallh in later life: The self-system as a mediator”, Pychology and Aging, 8, 327-338.
  • Helgeson, V. S., Reynolds, K. A., & Tomich, P. L. 2006. “A metaanalytic review of benefit finding and growth”, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74, 797-816.
  • Hepp, U., Gamma, A., Milos, G., Eich, D., Ajdacic-Gross, V., Rössler, W., Angst, J., & Schnyder, U. 2006. “Prevalence of exposure to potentially traumatic events and PTSD: the Zurich cohort study”. European Archive of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, 256, 151-158.
  • Hobfoll, S. E, Hall, B. J., Canetti- Nisim, D., Galea, S., Johnson, R. J., & Palmieri, P. A. (2007). Refining our understanding of traumatic growth in the face of terrorism: Moving from meaning cognitions to doing what is meaningful. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 56, 345-366.
  • Hobfoll, S. E, Hall, B. J., Canetti-Nisim, D., Galea, S., Johnson, R. J., & Palmieri, P. A. 2007. Refining our understanding of traumatic growth in the face of terrorism: Moving from meaning cognitions to doing what is meaningful. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 56, 345-366.
  • Horowitz, M. J. 1986. Stress response syndromes (2nd ed.). New York: Jason Aronson.
  • Huijts, I., Kleijn, W. C., van Emmerik, A. P., Noordhof, A., & Smith, A. J. M. 2012. Dealing with man-made trauma: the relationship between coping style, posttraumatic stress, and quality of life in resettled, traumatized refugees in the Netherlands. Journal of traumatic stress, 25(1), 71–8. doi:10.1002/jts.21665.
  • Ickovics, J. R., Meade, C. S., Kershaw, T. S., Milan, S., Lewis, J. B., & Ethier, K. A. 2006. Urban teens: Trauma, posttraumatic growth, and emotional distress among female adolescents. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 74(5), 841–50. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.74.5.841.
  • Işikli, S. 2006. “Travma Sonrası Stres Belirtileri Olan Bireylerde Olaya İlişikin Dikkat Yanlılığı, Ayrışma Düzeyi ve Çalışma Belleği Uzamı Arasındaki İlişki”, (Doktora Tezi), Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Janoff-Bulman, R. 1979. Characterological versus behavioral self–blame: Inquiries into depression and rape. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 1798–1809.
  • Janoff-Bulman, R. 1992. Our fundamental assumptions. Shattered Assumptions. NewYork: The Free Press.
  • Johansen, V.A., Wahl, A.K., Eilertsen, D.E., & Weisaeth, L. 2007. “Prevalence and predictors of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in physically injured stress of non-domestic violence: A longitudinal study”, Social Psychiatry Epidemiology, 42(3), 583-593.
  • Kangas, M., Henry, J., & Bryant, R. 2002. “Posttraumatic stress disorder following cancer: A conceptual and empirical review”, Clinical Psychology Review, 22, 499-524.
  • Kaniasty, K. 2005. Social Support & Traumatic Stress. The National Center for PTSD, Ptsd research Quarterly, 16(2).
  • Karanci, A.N., & Acarturk, C. 2005. “Post-traumatic growth among Marmara Earthquake survivors involved in disaster preparedness as volunteers”, Traumatology, 11(4), 307–323.
  • Karanci, A. N, Aker, A. T., Işıklı, S. 2009. “Yetişkinlerde Travmatik Olay Yaşama Yaygınlığı, Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğu ve Travma Sonrası Gelişim’in Değerlendirilmesi”, Tübitak 107K323 numaralı 1001 Projesi Yayınlanmamış Sonuç Raporu.
  • Karanci, A. N, Aker, A. T., Işıklı, S., İzmit-Gül, E., Başbuğ Erkan, B. B., Özkol, H. and Yavuz Güzel, H. 2012. “Personality, posttraumatic stress and trauma type: factors contributing to posttraumatic growth and its domains in a Turkish community sample”, European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 3, 1-14.
  • Karanci, A.N., Aker, A.T., Isıklı, S. 2011. “Travmatik Yaşantısı Olan Yetişkinlerde Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğu ve Travma Sonrası Gelişim: Boylamsal Bir Çalışma”, Tübitak 109K592 numaralı Hızlı Destek Projesi Yayınlanmamış Sonuç Raporu.
  • Karanci, A. N, Aker, A. T., Işıklı, S., Başbuğ, B. B., Önen, P., İzmit-Gül, E. ve Yavuz, H. 2009. “Traumatic event characteristics, personality and sociodemographic variables as predictors of post traumatic stress severity in a sample of Turkish adults”, Sözel Bildiri, 11th European Conference on Traumatic Stress, Oslo-Norway.
  • Karanci, A.N., Alkan, N., Aksit, B., Sucuoglu, H., & Balta, E. 1999. “Sex differences in psychological distress, coping, social support and related variables following the 1995 Dinar (Turkey) earthquake”, North American Journal of Psychology, 1 (2), 189-204.
  • Karanci, A. N., & Erkam, A. 2007. “Variables related to stress-related growth among Turkish breast cancer patients”, Stress and Health, 23, 315-322.
  • Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R., Walters, E. E. 2005. “Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication”, Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 593-602.
  • Kessler, R. C., Sonnega, A., Bromet, E., Hughes, M., & Nelson, C. B. 1995. “Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey”, Archives of General Psychiatry, 52, 1048–1060.
  • Kiliç, C. 2005. “Post-traumatic growth and its predictors”, Paper presented at The IV. International Psychological Trauma Meeting, İstanbul, Turkey.
  • King, D. W., Taft, C., King, L. A., Hammond, C., & Stone, E. R. 2006. “Directionality of the association between social support and posttraumatic stress disorder: a longitudinal investigation”, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 36, 2980–2992.
  • Kirmayer, L.J., Lemelson, R. & Barad, M., 2007. Understanding trauma. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Laffaye, C., Cavella, S., Drescher, K., & Rosen, C. 2008. “Relationships among PTSD symptoms, social support, and support source in veterans with chronic PTSD”, Journal of Traumatic Stress, 21, 394–401.
  • Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. 1984. Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer.
  • Lee, D., & Young, K.I. 2001 Post-traumatic stress disorder: diagnostic issues and epidemiology in adult survivors of traumatic events. International Review of Psychiatry, 13, 150–158.
  • Lev-Wiesel, R., & Amir, M. 2003. “Posttraumatic growth among holocaust child survivors”, Journal of Trauma and Loss, 8, 229-237.
  • Levine, S. Z., Laufer, A., Hamama-Raz, Y., Stein, E., & Solomon, S. 2008. Posttraumatic growth in adolescence: Examining its components and relationships with PTSD. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 21, 492-496.
  • Linley, P.A., & Joseph, S. 2004a. “Positive change following trauma and adversity: A review”, Journal of Traumatic Stress, 17, 11−21.
  • Litman, J.A. 2006. The COPE inventory: Dimensionality and re- lationships with approach-and avoidance-motives and positive and negative traits. Personality and Individual Differences, 41, 273–284. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.11.032
  • Löckenhoff, C.E, Terracciano, A., Patriciu, N.S., Eaton, W.W. & Costa, P.T., Jr. 2009. Self-reported extremely adverse life events and longitudinal changes in five-factor model personality traits in an urban sample. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 22, 53-59.
  • Maercker, A., Michael, T.; Fehm, L., Becker, E. & Margraf, J. 2004. “Age of Traumatisation as a Post-traumatic Stress Disorder or Major Depression in Young Women”, British Journal of Psychiatry, 184, 482-487.
  • Mason, S., Turpin, G., Woods, D., Wardrope, J. & Rowlands, A. 2006. “Risk factors for psychological distress following injury”, British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 45, 217-230.
  • Mayou, R. A., Ehlers, A., & Bryant, B. 2002. “Posttraumatic stress disorder after motor vehicle accidents: 3-year follow-up of a prospective longitudinal study”, Behavior Research and Therapy, 40(6), 665-675.
  • McCrae, R.R., & Costa, Ef T. Jr., 1986. Personality, coping, and coping effectiveness in an adult sample. Journal of Personality, 385-405.
  • McCrae, R. R.,& John, O.P. 1992. An introduction to the five-factor model and its applications. Journal of Personality, 60, 175–215.
  • Mehnert, A., Koch U. 2007. “Prevalence of acute and posttraumatic stress disorder and comorbid mental disorders in breast cancer patients during primary cancer care: A prospective study”, Psycho-Oncology, 16, 181–188.
  • Merecz, D., Waszkowska, M., & Wezyk, A. 2012. Psychological consequences of trauma in MVA perpetrators – Relationship between post-traumatic growth, PTSD symptoms and individual characteristics. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 15(5), 565–574. doi:10.1016/j.trf.2012.05.008
  • Michael, T., Halligan, S.L., Clark, D.M., & Ehlers, A. 2007. “Rumination in Posttraumatic Stress disorder”, Depression and Anxiety, 24, 307-317.
  • Michael, S. T. & Snyder, C. R. 2005. Getting unstuck: The roles of hope, finding meaning, and rumination in the adjustment to bereavement among college students. Death Studies, 29, 435–458.
  • Mizuta, I., Ikuno, T. Shimai, S., Hirotsune, H., Ogasawara, A., Honaga, E., & Inoue, Y. 2005. “The prevalence of traumatic events in young Japanese women”, Journal of Traumatic Stress, 18, 33-37.
  • Moos, R. H., & Schaefer, J. A. 1993. “Coping resources and processes: Current concepts
  • and measures”, In L. Goldberger, & S. Breznitz (Eds.), Handbook of stress: Theoretical and clinical aspects (2nd ed.) (pp. 234−257). New York: Free Press.
  • Morrill, E.F., Brewer, N.T., O’Neill, S.C., Lillie, S.E., Dees, C., Carey, L., & Rimer, B.K. 2008. The interaction of post-traumatic growth and post-traumatic stress symptoms in predicting depressive symptoms and quality of life. Psycho-Oncology, 17, 948-953.
  • Morris, B. A., Shakespeare-Finch, J., Rieck, M., & Newbery, J. 2005. “Multidimensional nature of post-traumatic growth in Australian population”, Journal of Traumatic Stress, 18, 575-585.
  • Mulder, R., Fergusson, D., & Horwood, J. 2013. Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms form a traumatic and non-traumatic stress response dimension. The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry, 47(6), 569–77. doi:10.1177/0004867413484367.
  • Nishi, D., Matsuoka, Y., & Kim, Y. 2010. “Posttraumatic growth, posttraumatic stress disorder and resilience of motor vehicle accident survivors”, BioPsychoSocial Medicine, 4(7).
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Morrow, J. 1991. A prospective study of depression and post traumatic stress symptoms after a natural disaster: The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 115– 121.
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S., &Morrow, J. 1993. Effects of rumination and distraction on naturally occurring depressed mood. Cognition and Emotion, 7, 561–570. doi: 10.1080/02699939308409206.
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Wisco B. E., Lyubomirsky, S. 2008. “Rethinking rumination”, Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3 (5), 400-424.
  • Norris, F. H., Murphy, A. D., Backer, C. K., Perilla, J. L., Rodriguez, F. G., & Rodriguez, J. J. G. 2003. “Epidemiology of trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in Mexico”, Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 112, 646-656.
  • O’Brien, T.B. & DeLongis, A. 1997. Coping with chronic stress: An interpersonal perspective. In: Gottlieb, BH., editor. Coping with chronic stress. New York: Plenum Publishing Corporation; p. 161-190.
  • O'Leary, V. E., & Ickovics, J. R. 1995. “Resilience and thriving in response to challenge: An opportunity for a paradigm shift in women's health”, Women's Health: Research on Gender, Behavior, and Policy, 1, 121−142.
  • Olff, M., Langeland, W., & Gersons, B. P. R. 2005. The psychobiology of PTSD: coping with trauma. Psychoneuroendocrinology. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen. 2005.04.009
  • Özgüler, N. E., Maner, F., Çobanoğlu, S., Aker, A. T., & Karamustafalıoğlu, O. 2004. “Yaşlılarda travma sonrası Stres bozukluğunda eş tanı”, Bakırköy Ruh ve Sinir Hastalıkları Hastanesi Düşünen Adam Dergisi.
  • Pargament, K.I., Smith, B.W., Koenig, H.G., & Perez, L. 1998. Patterns of positive and negative religious coping with major life stressors. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 37, 710−724.
  • Pargament, K.I. 1997. The psychology of religion and coping. New York: Guilford Press.
  • Park, C.L. 1998. “Stress-related growth and thriving through coping: The roles of personality and cognitive processes”, Journal of Social Issues, 54, 267−277.
  • Park, C.L. 2004. The notion of stress-related growth: Problems and prospects. Psychological Inquiry, 15, 69-76.
  • Park, C.L., Cohen, L.H., & Murch, R.L. 1996. Assessment and prediction of stress-related growth. Journal of Personality, 64, 71–105.
  • Parkinson, F. 2000. Post-Trauma Stress. Fisher Books: U.S.A.
  • Pennebaker, J.W. 1989. “Confession, inhibition, and disease”, In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 22. pp. 211-244). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
  • Perkonigg, A., Kessler, R. C., Storz, S., & Wittchen, H-U. 2000. “Traumatic events and post-traumatic stress disorder in community: prevalence, risk factors, and comorbidity”, Acta Psychiatrica, 101, 46-59.
  • Polatinsky, S., & Esprey, Y. 2000. “An assessment of gender differences in the perception of benefit resulting from the loss of a child”, Journal of Traumatic Stress, 13, 709−718.
  • Price, J. 2007. Cognitive schemas, defence mechanisms and post-traumatic stress symptomatology. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 80, 343-353.
  • Roberts, B.W., & Mroczek, D. 2008. Personality trait change in adulthood. Current Direction in Psychological Science, 17, 31–35.
  • Rose, A. J. 2002. “Co-rumination in the friendships of girls and boys”, Child Development, 73, 1830–1843.
  • Rosner, R., Powell, S., Butollo, W. 2003. “Post-traumatic stress disorder three years after the siege of Sarajevo”, Journal of Clinical Psychology, 59, 41-55.
  • Rothbaum, B. O., Foa, E. B., Riggs, D. S., Murdock, T., & Walsh, W. 1992. A prospective examination of post- traumatic stress disorder in rape victims. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 5, 455-476.
  • Sawyer, A., Ayers, S., & Field, A.P. 2010. Posttraumatic growth and adjustment among individuals with cancer or HIV/AIDS: a meta analysis, Clinical Psychology Review, 30, 436-447.
  • Schaefer, J. A., & Moos, R. H. 1992. “Life crises and personal growth”. In B. N. Carpenter (Ed.), Personal coping: Theory, research and application, Westport, CT: Praeger (pp. 149−170).
  • Schaefer, J. A., & Moos, R. H. 1998. The context for posttraumatic growth: Life crises, individual and social resources, and coping. In R. G. Tedeschi, C. L. Park, & L. G. Calhoun (Eds.), Posttraumatic growth: Positive changes in the aftermath of crisis (pp. 99–125). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Segerstrom, S.C., Stanton, A.L., Alden, L.E., & Shortridge, B.E. 2003. A multidimensional structure for repetitive thought: What’s on your mind, and how, and how much? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 909-921.
  • Shakespeare-Finch, J. 2005. Personality, coping and posttraumatic growth in emergency ambulance personnel. Traumatology, 11(4), 325-334.
  • Shakespeare-Finch, J., & Armstrong, D. 2010. “Trauma type and post -trauma outcomes: Differences between survivors of motor vehicle accidents, sexual assault and bereavement”, Journal of Loss and Trauma, 15, 59 – 82.
  • Shakespeare-Finch, J. E., Smith, S. G., & Obst, P. 2002. Trauma, coping and family functioning in emergency service workers. Work and Stress, 16(3), 275-282.
  • Sharon, M., Jamie, O., Gary, W., Lori, G., Kevin, F., & Generosa, G. 2004. “Posttraumatic Growth After Breast Cancer: Patient, Partner and Couple Perspectives”, Psychosomatic Medicine, 66, 442-454.
  • Sheikh, A.I. 2004. “Posttraumatic growth in the context of heart disease”, Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 11(4), 265-274.
  • Siegle, G.J., Moore, P., & Thase, M.E. 2004. “Rumination: One construct, many features in healthy individuals, depressed individuals, and individuals with lupus”, Cognitive Therapy & Research, 28, 645-668.
  • Siva, A.N. 1991. “İnfertilite’de stresle başetme, öğrenilmiş güçlülük ve depresyonun incelenmesi”, Unpublished PhD thesis. Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Splevins, K., Cohen, K., Bowley, J., & Joseph, S. 2010. Theories of Posttraumatic Growth: Cross-Cultural Perspectives. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 15(3), 259–277. doi:10.1080/15325020903382111
  • Stroud, D. 1999. Familial support as perceived by adult victims of childhood sexualabuse. Sexual Abuse: Journal of Research & Treatment.;11(2):159–175.
  • Stockton, H., Hunt, N. & Joseph, S. 2011. “Cognitive Processing, Rumination, and Post traumatic Growth”, Journal of Traumatic Stress, 24(1), 85-92.
  • Sumalla, E.C., Ochoa, C. & Blanco, I. 2009. “Posttraumatic growth in cancer: Reality or Illusion?”, Clinical Pscyhology Review, 29, 24-33.
  • Sümer, N., Karancı, A.N., Berument, S.K., & Güneş, H. 2005. “Personal resources, coping-efficacy, and quake exposure as predictors of psychological distress following the 1999 earthquake in Turkey”, Journal of Traumatic Stress, 18, 331-342.
  • Taku, K., Calhoun, L.G., Cann, A., & Tedeschi, R.G. 2008. “The role of rumination in the coexistence of distress and posttraumatic growth in Japanese university students”, Death Studies, 32, 428-444.
  • Taku, K., Cann, A., Tedeschi, R.G., & Calhoun, L.G. 2009. Intrusive versus deliberate rumination in posttraumatic growth across US and Japanese samples. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 22(2), 129–36. doi:10.1080/10615800802317841
  • Tedeschi, R.G., & Calhoun, L.G. 1995. Trauma and transformation: Growing in the aftermath of suffering. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Tedeschi, R.G. & Calhoun, L.G. 1995. “Tasks and cognitive processing in coping with trauma”, In R. G. Tedeschi & L.G. Calhoun (Eds.), Trauma and transformation: Growing in the aftermath of suffering, Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, (pp. 59–76).
  • Tedeschi, G.R. & Calhoun, L.G. 1996. “The post-traumatic growth inventory: Measuring the positive legacy of trauma”, Journal of Traumatic Stress, 9, 455-471.
  • Tedeschi, R.G., & Calhoun, L. 2004. “Posttraumatic growth: Conceptual foundations and empirical evidence”, Psychological Inquiry, 15, 1-18.
  • Tedeschi, R.G., Park, C.L., & Calhoun, L.G. 1998. “Posttraumatic Growth: Conceptual
  • Issues”, In R. Tedeschi & L. Calhoun (Eds.). Posttraumatic Growth: Positive Changes in the Aftermath of Crisis, Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates, (pp. 1-22).
  • Tong, E.M.W., Bishop, G.D., Diong, S.M., Enkelmann, H.C., Why, Y.P., Ang, J., et al. 2004. “Social support and personality among male police officers in Singapore”, Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 109-123.
  • Ullman, S. E., & Siegel, J. M. 1994. “Predictors of exposure to traumatic events and post-traumatic stress sequel”, Journal of Community Psychology, 22, 328-338.
  • Watkins, E.R. 2008. Constructive and unconstructive repetitive thought. Psychological Bulletin, 134, 163–206.
  • Waysman, M., Schwarzwald, J., & Solomon, Z. 2001. “Hardiness: An examination of its relationship with positive and negative long term changes following trauma”, Journal of Traumatic Stress, 14, 531−548.
  • Weiss, T. 2004a. “Correlates of posttraumatic growth in husbands of breast cancer survivors”, Psycho-Oncology,13, 260-268.
  • Widows, M.R., Jacobsen, P.B., Booth-Jones, M., & Fields, K.K. 2005. “Predictors of posttraumatic growth following bone marrow transplantation for cancer”, Health Psychology, 24, 266–273.
  • Wild, N.D. & Paivio, S.D. 2003. “Psychological adjustment, coping, and emotional regulation as predictors of posttraumatic growth”, Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment, & Trauma, 8(4), 97-122.
  • Williams, S., Williams, D.R., Stein, D. J., Seedat, S., Jackson, P.B., & Moomal, H. 2007. “Multiple traumatic events and psychological distress: the South Africa stress and health study”, Journal of Traumatic Stress, 20, 845-855.
  • Wortman, C.B. 2004. “Post-traumatic growth: Progress and problems”, Psychological Inquiry, 15, 81–90.
  • Wortman, C.B., & Silver, R.C. 2001. “The myths of coping with loss revisited”, In M. S. Stroebe, R. O. Hansson, W. Stroebe, & H. Schut (Eds.), Handbook of bereavement research: Consequences, 324 Applications to Health Promotion and Effective Treatment coping, and care Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, (pp. 405–430).
  • Val, E.B. and Linley, P.A. 2006. “Posttraumatic Growth, Positive Changes, And Negative Changes In Madrid Residents Following The March 11, 2004, Madrid Train Bombings”, Journal Of Loss And Trauma, 11, 409–424.
  • Vishnevsky, T., Cann, A., Calhoun, L. G., Tedeschi, R. G., & Demakis, G. J. 2010. Gender differences in self-reported posttraumatic growth: A meta-analysis. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 34(1), 110–120.
  • Zimet, G.D., Dahlem, N.W., Zimet, S.G., & Farley, G.K. 1988. “The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support”, Journal of Personality Assessment, 52, 30–41.
  • Zoellner, T., & Maercker, A. 2006. Posttraumatic growth in clinical psychology: A critical review and introduction of a two-component model. Clinical Psychology Review, 26(5), 626– 653.
  • Zoellner, T., Rabe, S., Karl, A., Maercker, A. 2008. “Posttraumatic growth in accident survivors: openness and optimism as predictors of its constructive or illusory sides”, Journal of Clinical Psychology, 64(3), 245-263.
APA KARANCI A, GÜL E (2014). İzmir'de travma sonrası stres bozukluğu, travma sonrası gelişim, yaygınlığı ve yordayıcılarının model çerçevesinde test edilmesi. , 1 - 119.
Chicago KARANCI AYŞE NURAY,GÜL Ervin İzmir'de travma sonrası stres bozukluğu, travma sonrası gelişim, yaygınlığı ve yordayıcılarının model çerçevesinde test edilmesi. (2014): 1 - 119.
MLA KARANCI AYŞE NURAY,GÜL Ervin İzmir'de travma sonrası stres bozukluğu, travma sonrası gelişim, yaygınlığı ve yordayıcılarının model çerçevesinde test edilmesi. , 2014, ss.1 - 119.
AMA KARANCI A,GÜL E İzmir'de travma sonrası stres bozukluğu, travma sonrası gelişim, yaygınlığı ve yordayıcılarının model çerçevesinde test edilmesi. . 2014; 1 - 119.
Vancouver KARANCI A,GÜL E İzmir'de travma sonrası stres bozukluğu, travma sonrası gelişim, yaygınlığı ve yordayıcılarının model çerçevesinde test edilmesi. . 2014; 1 - 119.
IEEE KARANCI A,GÜL E "İzmir'de travma sonrası stres bozukluğu, travma sonrası gelişim, yaygınlığı ve yordayıcılarının model çerçevesinde test edilmesi." , ss.1 - 119, 2014.
ISNAD KARANCI, AYŞE NURAY - GÜL, Ervin. "İzmir'de travma sonrası stres bozukluğu, travma sonrası gelişim, yaygınlığı ve yordayıcılarının model çerçevesinde test edilmesi". (2014), 1-119.
APA KARANCI A, GÜL E (2014). İzmir'de travma sonrası stres bozukluğu, travma sonrası gelişim, yaygınlığı ve yordayıcılarının model çerçevesinde test edilmesi. , 1 - 119.
Chicago KARANCI AYŞE NURAY,GÜL Ervin İzmir'de travma sonrası stres bozukluğu, travma sonrası gelişim, yaygınlığı ve yordayıcılarının model çerçevesinde test edilmesi. (2014): 1 - 119.
MLA KARANCI AYŞE NURAY,GÜL Ervin İzmir'de travma sonrası stres bozukluğu, travma sonrası gelişim, yaygınlığı ve yordayıcılarının model çerçevesinde test edilmesi. , 2014, ss.1 - 119.
AMA KARANCI A,GÜL E İzmir'de travma sonrası stres bozukluğu, travma sonrası gelişim, yaygınlığı ve yordayıcılarının model çerçevesinde test edilmesi. . 2014; 1 - 119.
Vancouver KARANCI A,GÜL E İzmir'de travma sonrası stres bozukluğu, travma sonrası gelişim, yaygınlığı ve yordayıcılarının model çerçevesinde test edilmesi. . 2014; 1 - 119.
IEEE KARANCI A,GÜL E "İzmir'de travma sonrası stres bozukluğu, travma sonrası gelişim, yaygınlığı ve yordayıcılarının model çerçevesinde test edilmesi." , ss.1 - 119, 2014.
ISNAD KARANCI, AYŞE NURAY - GÜL, Ervin. "İzmir'de travma sonrası stres bozukluğu, travma sonrası gelişim, yaygınlığı ve yordayıcılarının model çerçevesinde test edilmesi". (2014), 1-119.